Le politiche migratorie dei paesi mediterranei dell’Unione Europea nell’ultimo quindicennio: dimensione comunitaria e peculiarità nazionali

Abstract

Within the European Union important steps towards convergence have been nowadays taking place as regards two different dimensions of migratory policies: immigration policies (entry and stay, asylum and border controls) and immigrant policies (integration process). In this context the Mediterranean countries of the European Union represent a particular case. According to the migration dynamics since the second half of the 1970s, Italy, Greece, Portugal and Spain progressively changed their role within the European migration system. From emigration countries they became countries of destination of the migration flows. The similarity of their migratory patterns and politics suggests the presence of a specific “Mediterranean immigration modelâ€. The aim of the research was to highlight differences and similarities in immigration legislation in these countries. France was also included to make a comparison with a traditional country of destination of migration flows. Moreover, the impact of some migratory policies has been evaluated. The relevance of regularization procedures and their widespread use in the EU Mediterranean countries suggest studying their main recent trends and their links with the legislation in force. Within the analysis of the immigrant policy measures the attention was focused on electoral rights for foreign nationals in this area.